Abnormal shortening with resistance to stretch is termed?

• A. Cramps
• B. Spasm
• C. Contracture
• D. Atrophy

Answer: (C)

Abnormal shortening with resistance to stretch is called a contracture. A contracture is a fixed or slowly reversible shortening of a muscle or surrounding connective tissue that limits joint range of motion because the tissue has become tighter and less elastic. It often develops after prolonged immobilization, injury, burns, or neuromuscular conditions, leading to a persistent resistance to passive movement.

This differs from cramps or spasms, which are sudden, temporary contractions that don’t permanently shorten tissue, and from atrophy, which is a loss of muscle mass. Understanding contracture helps explain why stretching and maintaining range of motion are crucial in prevention and rehab.